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Special rules apply to the tax treatment of interest and dividends. At Finnies, we can provide advice on the rules and help you minimise your income tax liability.
Dividend and savings allowances are available. We consider the opportunities and pitfalls of the personal tax rules.
The availability of the Dividend Allowance (DA) means that the first £500 of dividends are charged to tax at 0%.
Dividends received above this allowance are taxed at the following rates:
Dividends within the allowance still count towards an individual's basic or higher rate band and so may affect the rate of tax paid on dividends above the £500 allowance.
Dividends are treated as the top slice of income and the basic rate tax band is first allocated against other income.
Mr A has non-dividend income of £46,700 and receives dividends of £12,000. The non-dividend income is taxed first. The Personal Allowance is used against the non-dividend income and the remaining £34,130 is taxed at the basic rate.
£500 of dividends are covered by the Dividend Allowance. After non-savings income and the dividends covered by the dividend allowance there is £3,070 of the basic rate band remaining. £3,070 of the dividends are taxed at 8.75% and the remainder are taxed at the higher rate of 33.75%.
Savings income includes:
Some individuals qualify for a 0% starting rate of tax on savings income up to £5,000. However this rate is not available if non-savings income (broadly earnings, pensions, trading profits and property income) exceeds the starting rate limit.
The Savings Allowance (SA) taxes savings income within the SA at 0%. The amount of SA depends on the individual's marginal rate of tax. An individual taxed at the basic rate of tax has an SA of £1,000 whereas a higher rate taxpayer is entitled to an SA of £500. Additional rate taxpayers receive no SA.
Savings income in excess of the SA are taxed at the same rates as non-savings income being:
Savings within the SA still count towards an individual's basic or higher rate band and so may affect the rate of tax paid on savings above the SA.
If the amount of dividends an individual receives is covered by the DA but those dividends would have meant that they were higher rate taxpayers without the DA, then this would affect the amount of SA they would receive.
Mrs B has a salary of £49,000, interest income of £1,000 and dividends of £500. Although the dividends are covered by the DA, Mrs B's total income is £50,500 so she is a higher rate taxpayer. She would therefore only receive £500 of SA against the £1,000 of interest income.
Where savings income exceeds the SA, there will be tax to pay on the excess. HMRC tries to collect this tax by adjusting an individual's tax code. To allow them to do this they will use information from banks and building societies. However, in some cases, HMRC may overestimate the amount of interest people are likely to earn and adjust their coding accordingly. So, it is always worth checking coding notices when they come through.
Take care if you make Gift Aid donations. A charity can reclaim the tax on a Gift Aid donation only if the individual has paid the amount of tax being reclaimed.
Savings and dividend income covered by the SA and DA is not taxed. Where this happens the individual is responsible for ensuring that the tax on the donation is covered. HMRC has powers to recover any shortfall from the taxpayer.
The DA and SA may also mean it is important to consider the allocation of investments between husband and wives or civil partners. If just one partner has investments generating dividends or savings it could be beneficial to transfer part of the investments to the other partner to ensure they receive income which utilises their DA or SA. Any transfer of assets between spouses or civil partners can be made without any capital gains tax being charged.
Please do contact us at Finnies for guidance on the dividend and savings allowances and the impact on your income tax position.
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